Thomas Boyd founded Boyd Line in October 1936 after managing another family’s fleet; Lloyd’s gives 1937, which Rosanoski suggests may mark the start of operations. The ships generally began with “Arctic”. Operators included T.W. Boyd and, for part of the fleet, William Liston. Listed operating companies included Boyd Line Management Services, Fugro-Geoteam in Oslo (formed 1998) and North Sea Shipping at Steinsland (formed 1997). Boyd Line itself is listed as manager for T.W. Boyd in 1985–86.
U.K., Hull.
Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.