Krupp Rotterdam shipping interests — historical source variants

The black flag with a white saltire is the second design, documented in Reed 1901 and Lloyds 1904 and 1912 for Krupp’s Rotterdam forwarding and shipping concern. Rosanoski tentatively links the change to Friedrich Alfred’s succession in 1887, without establishing an adoption date. Reed 1912 makes the central circle a vertical oval. The 1933 register links Bremen with the Rotterdam company; Massary 1930, K345, probably follows an earlier chart. Mertens interprets the Dutch connection as Rhine traffic.

Reversed initials and source name variations retained; no unrecorded separate Krupp Brothers entity invented.