


The earliest documented flag is divided diagonally into black upper and lower quarters and white side quarters, with a red oval carrying white FK for Friedrich Krupp. Lloyds 1882 gives London and Essen and a larger oval, K340, which Rosanoski favours over Griffin’s smaller K341. Mertens cites an 1891 Griffin edition; Rosanoski located 1883 and 1895 and suggests the latter may reprint 1891 with additions. The colours are identified with contemporary German national colours.
Reed 1891 reverses the initials to KF and calls the firm Krupp Bros. Rosanoski considers this probably an error.
Reversed initials and source name variations retained; no unrecorded separate Krupp Brothers entity invented.