A324’s funnel is dated 1873–84. Its flag is a red burgee with a white keystone, the Pennsylvania Railroad trademark derived from the state’s “Keystone State” nickname. A1035 is another flag illustration assigned to 1873.
A402’s funnel is dated 1884–92, while the FOTW flag is labelled 1884–93. A red star was added to the keystone after the sale, described in the contribution as to the Red Star Line, International Navigation’s Belgian-flag subsidiary. American Line china provides supporting flag evidence. Rosanoski questions Griffin’s and Loughran’s normal-swallowtail renderings in light of that china, provided its depiction is not distorted.
An 1880s Philadelphia–Liverpool poster shows the second flag with a blue rather than red field, recorded as A403.
The keystone, also called the “jampot”, appears on both funnel and flag, but colour accounts differ. Loughran’s A325 follows Granville’s 1875 book and other nineteenth-century publications. Company documents instead mention a white swallowtail, A326, with a red funnel and black band.
Reed 1901’s A1037 is assigned to the Liverpool American Line under Richardson, Spence. It has a wider funnel band; Rosanoski thought the eagle was probably centred in practice but reproduced Reed’s position. Reed 1912’s Liverpool version, A1038, narrows the band and changes the flag slightly. A1039 uses the same funnel but a more recognisable American eagle badge for the Southampton–New York service.
The A327 funnel is dated 1892–1925 and assigned by Lloyds to Southampton–New York. The flag was adopted on 22 February 1893 in President Harrison’s presence, with the former Inman funnel adopted about the same time. The flag later became the basis of United States Lines’ design with added letters. LJC 1909’s A1040 gives upward-pointing wings and both Liverpool and Southampton as domiciles.
Brown 1923 and 1929 place A1041 at Southampton. In 1934 it is assigned to Panama-Pacific Line, apparently operated by an American Line S.S. Corporation recorded in 1930. Rosanoski leaves that connection unclear because Bonsor had already ended American Steamship’s sailings in 1925.
The FOTW third flag, A1043, is a blue eagle on white, described as adopted when Red Star passed into International Mercantile Marine ownership and revived for United States Lines in 1931. That account differs in context from the dated 1893 adoption above. Rosanoski notes that A1043 does not match the cited Brown 1926 version and therefore presumably came from the other, no longer available, website source.
The first company, generally called American Line, held its initial meeting on 4 April 1871 and received a Pennsylvania charter two weeks later. Trading began on 22 May 1873. Pennsylvania Railroad supplied a majority of the initial ordinary capital. International Navigation, with which it had co-operated from the start, bought it in 1884. Services ceased in 1925.
UK, London; also USA, Philadelphia, in Loughran.
Keep the explicit scope label independent; no alias or company identity is inferred.