Slater's Rules

Determine the effective nuclear charge (Z*) for a valence electron in the following atoms or ions.
1. As+ [Solution]
2. S [Solution]
3. Cr [Solution]
4. Pd2+ [Solution]
5. Cu+ [Solution]
6. Br− [Solution]
7. Ge2− [Solution]
8. F− [Solution]
9. Si [Solution]
10. Fe [Solution]
11. Co+ [Solution]
12. Ga [Solution]
13. Cu [Solution]
14. As5+ [Solution]
15. Sr [Solution]
16. S2− [Solution]
17. Fe2+ [Solution]

 

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Solutions

  
1. As+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p2)

S = (3 × 0.35) + (18 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 26.35

Z* = Z − S = 33 − 26.35 = 6.65		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
2. S: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p4)

S = (5 × 0.35) + (8 × 0.85) + (2 × 1.00) = 10.55

Z* = Z − S = 16 − 10.55 = 5.45		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
3. Cr: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d5)(4s1)

S = (13 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 21.05

Z* = Z − S = 24 − 21.05 = 2.95		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
4. Pd2+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p6)(4d8)

S = (7 × 0.35) + (36 × 1.00) = 38.45

Z* = Z − S = 46 − 38.45 = 7.55		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
5. Cu+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)

S = (9 × 0.35) + (18 × 1.00) = 21.15

Z* = Z − S = 29 − 21.15 = 7.85		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
6. Br−: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p6)

S = (7 × 0.35) + (18 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 27.75

Z* = Z − S = 35 − 27.75 = 7.25		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
7. Ge2−: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p4)

S = (5 × 0.35) + (18 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 27.05

Z* = Z − S = 32 − 27.05 = 4.95		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
8. F−: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)

S = (7 × 0.35) + (2 × 0.85) = 4.15

Z* = Z − S = 9 − 4.15 = 4.85		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
9. Si: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p2)

S = (3 × 0.35) + (8 × 0.85) + (2 × 1.00) = 9.85

Z* = Z − S = 14 − 9.85 = 4.15		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
10. Fe: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d6)(4s2)

S = (1 × 0.35) + (14 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 22.25

Z* = Z − S = 26 − 22.25 = 3.75		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
11. Co+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d8)

S = (7 × 0.35) + (18 × 1.00) = 20.45

Z* = Z − S = 27 − 20.45 = 6.55		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
12. Ga: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p1)

S = (2 × 0.35) + (18 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 26.00

Z* = Z − S = 31 − 26.00 = 5.00		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
13. Cu: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s1)

S = (18 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.00) = 25.30

Z* = Z − S = 29 − 25.30 = 3.70		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
14. As5+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)

S = (9 × 0.35) + (18 × 1.00) = 21.15

Z* = Z − S = 33 − 21.15 = 11.85		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
15. Sr: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d10)(4s2,4p6)(5s2)

S = (1 × 0.35) + (8 × 0.85) + (28 × 1.00) = 35.15

Z* = Z − S = 38 − 35.15 = 2.85		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
16. S2−: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)

S = (7 × 0.35) + (8 × 0.85) + (2 × 1.00) = 11.25

Z* = Z − S = 16 − 11.25 = 4.75		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  
17. Fe2+: (1s2)(2s2,2p6)(3s2,3p6)(3d6)

S = (5 × 0.35) + (18 × 1.00) = 19.75

Z* = Z − S = 26 − 19.75 = 6.25		 [Back to Questions]
   
   
  

 

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